發布時間：2019-04-23|發布者: 大連鹽(yan)化集團|欄目：鹽與生活
5．精制鹽(yan)(yan)是一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)科學(xue)提煉、品(pin)質優良(liang)的(de)新(xin)鹽(yan)(yan)種(zhong)(zhong)。具(ju)體(ti)制鹽(yan)(yan)方(fang)法：先(xian)將(jiang)粗鹽(yan)(yan)在化(hua)鹽(yan)(yan)池(chi)內溶(rong)化(hua)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)飽和(he)溶(rong)液，經過濾(lv)水(shui)池(chi)濾(lv)去(qu)(qu)泥沙后送到鹵水(shui)池(chi)，用(yong)抽水(shui)機抽送到鹵水(shui)柜，再(zai)用(yong)鐵(tie)管將(jiang)其(qi)依(yi)次輸送到各廠的(de)預熱釜和(he)蒸發(fa)釜，用(yong)火蒸發(fa)鹵水(shui)，即結晶成(cheng)鹽(yan)(yan)。用(yong)鐵(tie)耙將(jiang)這(zhe)些鹽(yan)(yan)粑至一(yi)處，以鏟(chan)子將(jiang)其(qi)撈(lao)出，先(xian)堆積(ji)于濕鹽(yan)(yan)堆積(ji)倉庫，后入(ru)烘干(gan)(gan)池(chi)，烘干(gan)(gan)后用(yong)篩鹽(yan)(yan)機篩去(qu)(qu)鹽(yan)(yan)塊，其(qi)細者(zhe)(zhe)卻為(wei)(wei)精制鹽(yan)(yan)再(zai)者(zhe)(zhe)，精制鹽(yan)(yan)生(sheng)產法有(you)3種(zhong)(zhong)：
（1）開口鍋制鹽(yan)(yan)法——將粗鹽(yan)(yan)在(zai)溶(rong)化池內溶(rong)化成，入澄清池澄清泥沙，用電(dian)力提鹵(lu)，通過鐵管將鹵(lu)灌入開口鍋，用火煎(jian)鹽(yan)(yan)，當鹽(yan)(yan)結晶(jing)時，將其移入烘干處(chu)烘千，即成精鹽(yan)(yan)。
（2）粉碎(sui)洗(xi)(xi)滌法——將(jiang)粗(cu)鹽放到洗(xi)(xi)滌機內(nei)盆(pen)形容器(qi)中，用(yong)(yong)電力轉(zhuan)動容器(qi)，使粗(cu)鹽由(you)底(di)向上翻，器(qi)中鹵水(shui)(shui)從盆(pen)兩旁水(shui)(shui)管溢出以洗(xi)(xi)之，洗(xi)(xi)滌完畢將(jiang)其移存于鹽倉內(nei)；最(zui)后用(yong)(yong)轆轤(lu)機把這些鹽碾碎(sui)，則為粉碎(sui)洗(xi)(xi)滌鹽。或先(xian)將(jiang)鹽碾碎(sui)然后再洗(xi)(xi)亦可。
（3）真空(kong)罐制鹽(yan)法——生產過(guo)程(cheng)是：化鹽(yan)，制取接近飽和的(de)鹵水(shui)(shui)(shui)，將鹵水(shui)(shui)(shui)沉淀、過(guo)濾，采用(yong)三效真空(kong)蒸發加(jia)熱鹵水(shui)(shui)(shui)，析(xi)出鹽(yan)粒，依(yi)次排出鹽(yan)漿，再脫水(shui)(shui)(shui)干燥(zao)成(cheng)鹽(yan)（《中國鹽(yan)業(ye)史?近代當代篇》第111頁(ye)）。
隨著(zhu)社會的(de)(de)前進和科(ke)技(ji)進步，食(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)不(bu)(bu)僅滿(man)足(zu)人們的(de)(de)烹調(diao)(diao)(diao)調(diao)(diao)(diao)味(wei)(wei)需求(qiu)，而(er)且具(ju)有(you)保(bao)健(jian)和滋(zi)補等功能。我(wo)國食(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)由解放(fang)初期的(de)(de)單一品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)發展(zhan)到現在(zai)的(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)味(wei)(wei)、保(bao)健(jian)、載藥(yao)、營養四大(da)系列。有(you)關部門按照不(bu)(bu)同人群的(de)(de)生活需要，降低食(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氯(lv)化鈉的(de)(de)含(han)量(liang)，從調(diao)(diao)(diao)味(wei)(wei)和保(bao)健(jian)兩個方(fang)面(mian)來調(diao)(diao)(diao)整食(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)產品(pin)(pin)結構，以食(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)為載體，添加鉀、鈣(gai)、鐵、鋅、鎂、硒(xi)等人體所缺(que)乏的(de)(de)微量(liang)元素，研制出并推出食(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)新品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)，有(you)幾十個品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)，如調(diao)(diao)(diao)味(wei)(wei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)有(you)五香鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、藥(yao)椒鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、胡椒鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、辣(la)味(wei)(wei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、生姜鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、大(da)蝦(xia)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、海(hai)味(wei)(wei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、麻辣(la)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、肉類調(diao)(diao)(diao)味(wei)(wei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、旅游(you)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)等高級餐(can)桌鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)；而(er)保(bao)健(jian)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)有(you)加氟鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、加碘鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、海(hai)群生藥(yao)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)非日用鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)有(you)沐浴(yu)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、浴(yu)足(zu)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、沐面(mian)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、洗滌鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)等鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)種(zhong)。在(zai)日本(ben)，多(duo)(duo)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)已(yi)占食(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)總攝(she)入量(liang)的(de)(de)15％，品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)多(duo)(duo)達上百種(zhong)；在(zai)美(mei)國和西歐(ou)等國，多(duo)(duo)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)所占比重(zhong)也都超過了5％。
1．平衡(heng)鹽以低鈉鹽為基(ji)礎，加入鉀(jia)、鈣、鎂(mei)、鐵等營養素(su)，維持人體體液鉀(jia)、鈣、鎂(mei)離子的平衡(heng)，具有保健作用，是新一代低鈉鹽，適用于普通人群。
2．孕貝鹽按合理比(bi)例，特別(bie)補充了鉀(jia)、鎂、鈣、鐵鋅、維生素B2、碘、賴(lai)氨酸、牛磺酸等營養素，適用于孕產(chan)婦、嬰(ying)幼兒。
3．自然晶(jing)鹽以深海潔凈海水加工(gong)而成(cheng)，保持深海內有益(yi)無機鹽類，內含鉀、鈉(na)、鎂、碘等海洋(yang)生命(ming)元素，適用于追求高(gao)質量生活者，用于星級賓館、飯店
4．蒜鹽加入大蒜，具有健胃，增強(qiang)食欲(yu)，消炎滅菌等保健功能(neng)，適用于風味鹽愛好者。
5．菇鹽加(jia)人(ren)香菇并保存(cun)香菇多糖的解毒成分，含人(ren)體所需氨基(ji)酸(suan)、維生(sheng)素及微量(liang)元(yuan)素，可增強免疫能力，適用于風味鹽愛好(hao)者。
6．餐桌鹽(yan)(yan)錐(zhui)狀瓶裝的(de)食(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)，它通過(guo)調控內外出(chu)料口(kou)的(de)方式來均勻加(jia)鹽(yan)(yan)，食(shi)時加(jia)鹽(yan)(yan)是營養學家推崇的(de)限鹽(yan)(yan)方法，適(shi)用于減肥者。
全世(shi)界有110個國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)和(he)(he)地(di)區生產(chan)(chan)各種鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，全球每(mei)年鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)在20000萬噸左右，美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、俄羅斯(si)、德國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、加(jia)拿大(da)、印(yin)度、澳(ao)(ao)大(da)利(li)亞、墨西哥、英國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、法國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)為(wei)世(shi)界十大(da)產(chan)(chan)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)和(he)(he)用鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)量(liang)均居(ju)世(shi)界第(di)一位(wei)，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)居(ju)第(di)二(er)位(wei)。但(dan)是(shi)，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)海(hai)(hai)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)位(wei)居(ju)世(shi)界第(di)一位(wei)。在世(shi)界總產(chan)(chan)量(liang)中(zhong)(zhong)，巖(yan)(yan)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)位(wei)居(ju)首(shou)位(wei)，依次(ci)是(shi)海(hai)(hai)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)和(he)(he)湖鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)加(jia)拿大(da)、德國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、波(bo)蘭(lan)(lan)、荷蘭(lan)(lan)等(deng)(deng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)均以巖(yan)(yan)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)為(wei)主(zhu)。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、印(yin)度、澳(ao)(ao)大(da)利(li)亞、墨西哥等(deng)(deng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)以海(hai)(hai)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)為(wei)主(zhu)。德國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、意大(da)利(li)除(chu)巖(yan)(yan)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)外(wai)，海(hai)(hai)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)也占很大(da)比重(zhong)。俄羅斯(si)除(chu)巖(yan)(yan)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)外(wai)，湖鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)也占重(zhong)要位(wei)置。
我國(guo)是一(yi)個鹽資源豐(feng)富(fu)的國(guo)家，有制鹽企業500多(duo)家，原鹽年生(sheng)產量約4100萬噸(dun)。原鹽生(sheng)產企業中(zhong)，原鹽定點生(sheng)產企業120家，食鹽年生(sheng)產量約為1700萬噸(dun)。我國(guo)需要純堿、燒堿工(gong)業鹽約2000萬噸(dun)，兩(liang)堿以外的工(gong)業用鹽約350萬噸(dun)，食鹽700萬噸(dun)。除供(gong)應國(guo)內市場外，每年大約出口(kou)工(gong)業用鹽60萬噸(dun)，食鹽40萬噸(dun)。