發布時間：2019-04-23|發布者(zhe): 大連鹽化集(ji)團|欄目：鹽與生活
5．精制(zhi)(zhi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)是一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)科學提(ti)煉、品質優(you)良的(de)新(xin)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)種(zhong)(zhong)。具體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)法(fa)：先將(jiang)粗鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)在化(hua)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內溶化(hua)成為飽和(he)溶液，經過濾(lv)水池(chi)(chi)(chi)濾(lv)去(qu)(qu)泥沙(sha)后送到鹵水池(chi)(chi)(chi)，用抽水機抽送到鹵水柜，再(zai)用鐵管將(jiang)其(qi)依次輸送到各廠的(de)預熱釜和(he)蒸發釜，用火(huo)蒸發鹵水，即(ji)結(jie)晶(jing)成鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)。用鐵耙將(jiang)這些鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)粑至一(yi)處，以鏟子將(jiang)其(qi)撈(lao)出，先堆(dui)積(ji)于濕鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)堆(dui)積(ji)倉庫，后入烘干(gan)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，烘干(gan)后用篩(shai)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)機篩(shai)去(qu)(qu)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)塊，其(qi)細者卻為精制(zhi)(zhi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)再(zai)者，精制(zhi)(zhi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)生產法(fa)有3種(zhong)(zhong)：
（1）開口(kou)鍋(guo)制鹽法(fa)——將(jiang)粗鹽在溶(rong)(rong)化池內溶(rong)(rong)化成(cheng)，入(ru)澄清(qing)池澄清(qing)泥沙，用電力提鹵(lu)，通過鐵管(guan)將(jiang)鹵(lu)灌入(ru)開口(kou)鍋(guo)，用火(huo)煎(jian)鹽，當鹽結晶時，將(jiang)其(qi)移入(ru)烘干處烘千(qian)，即成(cheng)精鹽。
（2）粉(fen)碎洗(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)法(fa)——將粗(cu)鹽(yan)(yan)放到洗(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)機內盆形(xing)容(rong)器中，用電力轉動(dong)容(rong)器，使(shi)粗(cu)鹽(yan)(yan)由底向上翻，器中鹵水從盆兩旁水管溢出以洗(xi)(xi)之，洗(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)完畢將其移存于鹽(yan)(yan)倉(cang)內；最后用轆轤機把(ba)這(zhe)些鹽(yan)(yan)碾碎，則為(wei)粉(fen)碎洗(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)鹽(yan)(yan)。或先將鹽(yan)(yan)碾碎然(ran)后再洗(xi)(xi)亦可。
（3）真空罐(guan)制鹽法(fa)——生(sheng)產過程是(shi)：化(hua)鹽，制取接近飽(bao)和的鹵(lu)水，將鹵(lu)水沉淀、過濾，采用三效真空蒸發加熱鹵(lu)水，析出鹽粒，依(yi)次排(pai)出鹽漿，再(zai)脫水干燥成鹽（《中國鹽業史?近代當代篇》第111頁）。
隨(sui)著社會的(de)(de)前進(jin)和科技進(jin)步，食(shi)(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)不僅(jin)滿足人們的(de)(de)烹調(diao)調(diao)味(wei)(wei)需求，而(er)且具(ju)有(you)(you)保(bao)健(jian)和滋補(bu)等(deng)功能(neng)。我國食(shi)(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)由解放初期(qi)的(de)(de)單一品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)發(fa)展到現在的(de)(de)調(diao)味(wei)(wei)、保(bao)健(jian)、載(zai)(zai)藥(yao)、營養(yang)四大系列。有(you)(you)關部門按照不同人群的(de)(de)生活需要(yao)，降低食(shi)(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氯化(hua)鈉的(de)(de)含量，從調(diao)味(wei)(wei)和保(bao)健(jian)兩個方面來調(diao)整食(shi)(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)結構，以食(shi)(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)為載(zai)(zai)體(ti)，添(tian)加(jia)鉀、鈣、鐵、鋅、鎂、硒(xi)等(deng)人體(ti)所缺乏的(de)(de)微量元素，研制出并推出食(shi)(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)新品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)，有(you)(you)幾十個品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)，如調(diao)味(wei)(wei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)有(you)(you)五香(xiang)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、藥(yao)椒(jiao)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、胡椒(jiao)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、辣味(wei)(wei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、生姜鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、大蝦鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、海味(wei)(wei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、麻辣鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、肉類調(diao)味(wei)(wei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、旅游(you)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)等(deng)高級餐桌(zhuo)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)；而(er)保(bao)健(jian)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)有(you)(you)加(jia)氟鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、加(jia)碘鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、海群生藥(yao)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)非日用(yong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)有(you)(you)沐浴鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、浴足鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、沐面鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、洗(xi)滌鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)等(deng)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)種(zhong)。在日本，多品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)已占(zhan)食(shi)(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)總(zong)攝入(ru)量的(de)(de)15％，品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)多達上(shang)百種(zhong)；在美國和西歐等(deng)國，多品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)所占(zhan)比(bi)重也都超過了(le)5％。
1．平(ping)衡(heng)鹽(yan)(yan)以(yi)低鈉(na)鹽(yan)(yan)為基(ji)礎(chu)，加入鉀(jia)、鈣、鎂、鐵等營養素，維(wei)持人(ren)體(ti)體(ti)液(ye)鉀(jia)、鈣、鎂離子的(de)平(ping)衡(heng)，具(ju)有保健(jian)作用(yong)，是(shi)新(xin)一代低鈉(na)鹽(yan)(yan)，適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)普通人(ren)群。
2．孕(yun)貝(bei)鹽(yan)按合理比例，特別(bie)補充了鉀(jia)、鎂、鈣、鐵鋅、維生素B2、碘、賴氨酸、牛磺酸等營養素，適用于孕(yun)產(chan)婦、嬰幼兒。
3．自然(ran)晶鹽(yan)以深海潔凈海水(shui)加(jia)工而成，保持(chi)深海內有益無(wu)機鹽(yan)類，內含(han)鉀、鈉、鎂、碘等海洋生(sheng)命元素(su)，適用(yong)(yong)于追(zhui)求高質量(liang)生(sheng)活(huo)者，用(yong)(yong)于星級賓館、飯店
4．蒜鹽加入大(da)蒜，具(ju)有健(jian)胃，增(zeng)強食欲(yu)，消炎滅(mie)菌等保健(jian)功能，適用(yong)于風味鹽愛好者。
5．菇(gu)鹽加人(ren)香菇(gu)并保存香菇(gu)多糖的(de)解毒成(cheng)分，含人(ren)體所需氨(an)基酸、維生素及微量元素，可增強(qiang)免疫能力，適用(yong)于(yu)風味鹽愛好(hao)者。
6．餐桌(zhuo)鹽(yan)錐狀瓶裝的食鹽(yan)，它通過調控內外(wai)出(chu)料口的方式(shi)來均(jun)勻加鹽(yan)，食時加鹽(yan)是營養學家推崇的限(xian)鹽(yan)方法，適用于減(jian)肥者。
全世界有110個國家和(he)地(di)區生產各種鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)，全球每年(nian)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)產量(liang)在20000萬噸左右，美國、中國、俄羅斯(si)、德國、加拿(na)大(da)、印(yin)度、澳大(da)利(li)亞、墨(mo)西哥、英國、法國為(wei)世界十大(da)產鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)國。美國的鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)產量(liang)和(he)用鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)量(liang)均(jun)居(ju)(ju)世界第一(yi)位，中國居(ju)(ju)第二(er)位。但是(shi)，中國的海鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)產量(liang)位居(ju)(ju)世界第一(yi)位。在世界總產量(liang)中，巖鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)位居(ju)(ju)首位，依次是(shi)海鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)和(he)湖鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)。美國加拿(na)大(da)、德國、美國、波蘭、荷(he)蘭等(deng)國均(jun)以巖鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)為(wei)主。中國、印(yin)度、澳大(da)利(li)亞、墨(mo)西哥等(deng)國家以海鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)為(wei)主。德國、意大(da)利(li)除(chu)巖鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)外，海鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)占(zhan)很(hen)大(da)比重。俄羅斯(si)除(chu)巖鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)外，湖鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)占(zhan)重要位置。
我國(guo)是一(yi)個鹽(yan)資源豐富(fu)的國(guo)家，有(you)制鹽(yan)企業500多家，原(yuan)(yuan)鹽(yan)年生(sheng)產(chan)量約(yue)4100萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)。原(yuan)(yuan)鹽(yan)生(sheng)產(chan)企業中，原(yuan)(yuan)鹽(yan)定點生(sheng)產(chan)企業120家，食(shi)鹽(yan)年生(sheng)產(chan)量約(yue)為1700萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)。我國(guo)需要純堿、燒堿工業鹽(yan)約(yue)2000萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)，兩堿以(yi)外的工業用鹽(yan)約(yue)350萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)，食(shi)鹽(yan)700萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)。除供應(ying)國(guo)內市場外，每年大(da)約(yue)出口工業用鹽(yan)60萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)，食(shi)鹽(yan)40萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)。