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淮北鹽潤古海州
發布時間:2018-11-29發布者:大連鹽化欄目:歷代鹽業

發布時間(jian):2018-11-29|發布者: 大連(lian)鹽(yan)化集團|欄目:鹽化史話

古(gu)(gu)海(hai)州地(di)四五萬年前就有(you)人類(lei)在此繁衍生息,七千年前稱(cheng)(cheng)“夷方”、“人方”。《尚書·禹貢(gong)》說全(quan)國(guo)有(you)九(jiu)州,古(gu)(gu)海(hai)州屬(shu)九(jiu)州之徐州。秦始皇于(yu)公元前221年設為朐(qu)縣,南朝宋(song)泰始六年(470年)僑置(zhi)青、冀州,北朝東魏(wei)武(wu)定七年(549年)始稱(cheng)(cheng)“海(hai)州”,轄6郡19縣,地(di)域廣大,今之江蘇省東海(hai)、灌云、灌南、干于(yu)、漣水、響水、沐陽等縣都曾是古(gu)(gu)海(hai)州的屬(shu)地(di)。古(gu)(gu)海(hai)州歷(li)史(shi)可(ke)謂大久(jiu)矣!
在(zai)古海州大地上的淮(huai)北(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan),也有很古老(lao)的歷史。公元(yuan)前770年——公元(yuan)前256年,淮(huai)北(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)業(ye)已開拓,并設有鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)官。漢宣帝時(公元(yuan)前74——49年),散文家恒寬所輯《鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)鐵論(lun)》中,“朐鬯有鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)”,指(zhi)古海州一(yi)帶用鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)祭(ji)祀。南朝明帝泰(tai)始(shi)元(yuan)年(465年),“淮(huai)北(bei)沒虜(lu),六年始(shi)治郁州(今之云臺山地區),------土有田疇,漁鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)之利。”
古(gu)(gu)老的(de)淮(huai)北(bei)(bei)鹽在古(gu)(gu)老的(de)海(hai)(hai)州(zhou)地域產生和(he)發展,古(gu)(gu)老的(de)淮(huai)北(bei)(bei)鹽繁(fan)榮了(le)古(gu)(gu)海(hai)(hai)州(zhou)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji),豐富了(le)古(gu)(gu)海(hai)(hai)州(zhou)的(de)文化,傳揚了(le)古(gu)(gu)海(hai)(hai)州(zhou)的(de)美名,進而(er)提升了(le)古(gu)(gu)海(hai)(hai)州(zhou)的(de)地位。正是(shi)因為(wei)有了(le)淮(huai)北(bei)(bei)鹽,我們今天(tian)讀起古(gu)(gu)海(hai)(hai)州(zhou)史,才更覺得有滋有味(wei)。
淮北鹽自始即成古海(hai)州(zhou)經(jing)濟一大(da)支柱
西漢(han)初期,海(hai)(hai)岸變遷,古(gu)(gu)(gu)海(hai)(hai)州(zhou)地域自然擴(kuo)充,其(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)農(nong)業相對(dui)落后(hou),而淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)漸有規模。《史記·貨(huo)(huo)殖列傳》載:“彭城(cheng)以東,東海(hai)(hai)、吳、廣(guang)陵------有海(hai)(hai)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)饒(rao)。”東海(hai)(hai)即(ji)古(gu)(gu)(gu)海(hai)(hai)州(zhou)地區。一個“饒(rao)”字,點畫了(le)古(gu)(gu)(gu)海(hai)(hai)州(zhou)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)量之(zhi)(zhi)豐利之(zhi)(zhi)厚。唐時(shi),農(nong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)狀況(kuang)亦(yi)如漢(han)時(shi)。唐代宗寶應年(nian)間劉晏任鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)鐵史時(shi),在(zai)全國(guo)(guo)設立的(de)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)政機構中,就(jiu)有主管淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)專設機構。而其(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi),淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)北淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)南之(zhi)(zhi)兩淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)得到迅猛發(fa)展,亦(yi)為(wei)朝廷(ting)(ting)創造了(le)巨量的(de)財(cai)政收(shou)入。宋(song)(song)代在(zai)古(gu)(gu)(gu)海(hai)(hai)州(zhou)就(jiu)設有鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)務(wu)機構兩個場,《宋(song)(song)史·食貨(huo)(huo)志(zhi)》載:淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區年(nian)產(chan)海(hai)(hai)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)47、7萬擔,每擔50公斤。元代古(gu)(gu)(gu)海(hai)(hai)州(zhou)濱海(hai)(hai)之(zhi)(zhi)壤(rang)向稱“斥鹵之(zhi)(zhi)地”,其(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)及其(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou),煮(zhu)海(hai)(hai)煎鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)成為(wei)了(le)古(gu)(gu)(gu)海(hai)(hai)州(zhou)人民(min)(min)的(de)一個重要生(sheng)計(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)業,大量游民(min)(min)因此遷徙而來,也有傳說明(ming)洪武年(nian)間朝廷(ting)(ting)強遷蘇、常(chang)、嘉民(min)(min)眾來此地業鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。此間,淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區擴(kuo)建了(le)板(ban)浦場,興建了(le)臨(lin)洪場,形成了(le)莞瀆、板(ban)浦、臨(lin)洪、徐瀆四(si)(si)個鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)場,設置(zhi)了(le)四(si)(si)場鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)課(ke)司。明(ming)代,農(nong)民(min)(min)外逃,田地荒蕪,市井蕭(xiao)條,鄉村寥落。直至清末民(min)(min)初,古(gu)(gu)(gu)海(hai)(hai)州(zhou)農(nong)業仍處衰落,未見顯著起色。而淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)業,則(ze)大為(wei)興盛,給古(gu)(gu)(gu)海(hai)(hai)州(zhou)經濟注入了(le)活力。兩淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區在(zai)全國(guo)(guo)仍很著名,而淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區發(fa)展遠超于淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)南鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區,年(nian)產(chan)達900萬擔。
清(qing)乾隆二十(shi)八年(1763年),兩淮(huai)三(san)分(fen)司之一的(de)淮(huai)安分(fen)司遷海(hai)(hai)州(zhou)板(ban)浦鎮,稱海(hai)(hai)州(zhou)分(fen)司。清(qing)末民(min)初,淮(huai)南鹽(yan)(yan)區(qu)(qu)因(yin)海(hai)(hai)勢東(dong)遷,鹵(lu)氣日(ri)(ri)淡,鹽(yan)(yan)產(chan)(chan)銳(rui)減。原其運銷于鄂、湘、贛、皖四省即揚子四岸的(de)食鹽(yan)(yan),均(jun)由淮(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)區(qu)(qu)供給(gei)。為此(ci)情形需要,光緒三(san)十(shi)四年(1908年)到民(min)國十(shi)三(san)年(1924年),經(jing)兩江總督兼鹽(yan)(yan)政大臣(chen)端方,集合幾家大鹽(yan)(yan)商在海(hai)(hai)州(zhou)豐(feng)(feng)樂鎮(今(jin)灌云縣洋橋(qiao)鎮)以東(dong)至(zhi)灌河東(dong)鋪設(she)新(xin)池灘計1160份(fen),成立了(le)濟南鹽(yan)(yan)場(chang)。此(ci)時淮(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)區(qu)(qu)有(you)四個鹽(yan)(yan)場(chang),即濟南、板(ban)浦、中(zhong)正、臨(lin)興四場(chang)。截止1922年,淮(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)區(qu)(qu)共有(you)池灘3122份(fen),垣商854家,兩淮(huai)鹽(yan)(yan)業(ye)重心由淮(huai)南移到了(le)淮(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)。據汪偽時期(qi)政府檔(dang)案(an)資料載,1924——1947年淮(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)區(qu)(qu)產(chan)(chan)鹽(yan)(yan)總量達6602557噸(dun),年均(jun)287067噸(dun)多。其中(zhong)民(min)國23年(1934年)產(chan)(chan)鹽(yan)(yan)324950噸(dun)。而淮(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)區(qu)(qu)在日(ri)(ri)寇(kou)占領(ling)(ling)期(qi)間(jian)的(de)1939——1945年這七年間(jian),累產(chan)(chan)僅(jin)26362千(qian)擔計1318100噸(dun),年均(jun)僅(jin)產(chan)(chan)188300噸(dun)。如以后述(shu)的(de)曾仰豐(feng)(feng)先生(sheng)統(tong)計數字424750噸(dun)計算,日(ri)(ri)寇(kou)占領(ling)(ling)淮(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)區(qu)(qu)期(qi)間(jian),淮(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)區(qu)(qu)每年少產(chan)(chan)鹽(yan)(yan)236450噸(dun),七年少產(chan)(chan)鹽(yan)(yan)量達1655150噸(dun)。可(ke)見日(ri)(ri)寇(kou)占領(ling)(ling)古海(hai)(hai)州(zhou)地,給(gei)古海(hai)(hai)州(zhou)帶來多么巨大的(de)經(jing)濟損失(shi)啊!給(gei)淮(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)區(qu)(qu)人民(min)乃至(zhi)整個古海(hai)(hai)州(zhou)人民(min)帶來了(le)驚(jing)天的(de)災難!
歷(li)朝歷(li)代,鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是財政(zheng)(zheng)收(shou)入(ru)中(zhong)僅次(ci)于(yu)田(tian)賦(fu)的(de)第二(er)大稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。除隋開(kai)(kai)皇(huang)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(583年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))至(zhi)唐開(kai)(kai)元(yuan)(yuan)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(721年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))139年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)不征(zheng)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)外,鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)一直是國(guo)(guo)家政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)必征(zheng)之(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)賦(fu)。僅在道光(guang)至(zhi)宣統年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間,海州鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)分司就施行(xing)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)正課、經費、雜費、河(he)費、鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)營(ying)(ying)、倉(cang)谷、禮宗、河(he)壩(ba)工等多種稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)課。另外從(cong)(cong)唐代開(kai)(kai)元(yuan)(yuan)初(chu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)始,還向鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)戶直接(jie)征(zheng)收(shou)灶課。有資料顯示,清光(guang)緒十七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1891年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))海州鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)分司所(suo)屬的(de)板浦場、中(zhong)正場、臨興場灶課銀達11918。83兩。民國(guo)(guo)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1913年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),北(bei)(bei)洋(yang)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)榷定淮北(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區(qu)每(mei)百斤(jin)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)征(zheng)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)2。5元(yuan)(yuan)。從(cong)(cong)民國(guo)(guo)十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1920年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))至(zhi)民國(guo)(guo)二(er)十四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1934年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),淮北(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總額達銀元(yuan)(yuan)16110。3萬兩。民國(guo)(guo)十八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1928年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),南京政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)為(wei)解決軍費及償還外債之(zhi)急(ji)需,對(dui)淮鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)引票(piao)進(jin)行(xing)查驗(yan)(yan),每(mei)擔鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)收(shou)取驗(yan)(yan)票(piao)費1元(yuan)(yuan),在一個(ge)月(yue)內就收(shou)取淮北(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)驗(yan)(yan)票(piao)費銀元(yuan)(yuan)518。2萬元(yuan)(yuan)。據(ju)(ju)民國(guo)(guo)十一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1921年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))任淮北(bei)(bei)稽核分所(suo)(駐板浦)中(zhong)方經理曾(ceng)仰豐統計在《中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)政(zheng)(zheng)史(shi)》著作中(zhong)的(de)數(shu)據(ju)(ju),民國(guo)(guo)二(er)十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1931年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))至(zhi)二(er)十四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1935年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)中(zhong),淮北(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區(qu)平(ping)均每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)424750噸,占全國(guo)(guo)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)產(chan)量18。35%;鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)17501000元(yuan)(yuan),占全國(guo)(guo)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總收(shou)入(ru)10。91%。古海州地乃農(nong)(nong)、鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)為(wei)大宗。農(nong)(nong)業(ye)純(chun)粹地主莊(zhuang)園式(shi)和農(nong)(nong)民個(ge)人種植經營(ying)(ying),只是對(dui)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)上(shang)交田(tian)賦(fu)。自(zi)從(cong)(cong)受到(dao)黃河(he)南下(xia)(xia)泛濫影響,古海州農(nong)(nong)業(ye)更加(jia)受挫。而鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)業(ye)則向來由(you)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)通(tong)過下(xia)(xia)達額定產(chan)量以控制生(sheng)產(chan),且由(you)國(guo)(guo)家專營(ying)(ying),以獲取鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)各種稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)賦(fu)。1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)12月(yue)16日,中(zhong)華人民共和國(guo)(guo)政(zheng)(zheng)務院轉發(fa)《第一屆全國(guo)(guo)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)務會議決定》:1950年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1月(yue)1日起,提高(gao)(gao)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)額,淮北(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)由(you)每(mei)擔折合15公斤(jin)大米稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)額提高(gao)(gao)為(wei)50斤(jin)大米。
古海(hai)州地(di)區(qu)的商(shang)賈活動大多(duo)是(shi)(shi)業(ye)鹽為宗的,古海(hai)州的經濟繁(fan)(fan)(fan)榮當就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)淮北鹽業(ye)作用使然。淮北鹽業(ye)的開拓和發(fa)展,在(zai)古海(hai)州地(di)面上(shang)形成了一定的商(shang)機,商(shang)販、舟車運輸、餐飲、娛樂等行業(ye)漸次涌生而壯大,官宦、騷客、商(shang)旅接踵而至,古海(hai)州因此(ci)而繁(fan)(fan)(fan)榮起(qi)來。今(jin)(jin)之海(hai)州及板浦鎮是(shi)(shi)為這(zhe)種(zhong)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)榮集(ji)中(zhong)之地(di)。就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)今(jin)(jin)之市府(fu)所在(zai)地(di)新(xin)浦,其繁(fan)(fan)(fan)華(hua)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)以淮北鹽為其基礎(chu)的。
建國后(hou),淮(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)鹽業(ye)(ye)對古(gu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)州(zhou)地(di)域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連云港市(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟支(zhi)持(chi)更是很大。盡管隨著地(di)方上許多新產(chan)業(ye)(ye)新行(xing)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開拓和(he)增加(jia),地(di)方政府(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財(cai)政收入(ru)(ru)在加(jia)大,而作(zuo)為(wei)老(lao)牌國字號(hao)企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)淮(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)鹽區(qu),歷史包袱太(tai)重,新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起步實為(wei)不易,但她(ta)仍然不失(shi)為(wei)是地(di)方經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個有力(li)支(zhi)撐,為(wei)國家(jia)和(he)地(di)方財(cai)政收入(ru)(ru)提供了(le)(le)(le)無所(suo)替代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)持(chi),可以(yi)(yi)(yi)說仍然是地(di)方經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)支(zhi)重要方面軍。在古(gu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)州(zhou)經濟大有發展、古(gu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)州(zhou)煥發新面貌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時,古(gu)老(lao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)淮(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)鹽業(ye)(ye)也在負重奮進。不完(wan)全(quan)統(tong)計,僅1949——1987年(nian),全(quan)省鹽業(ye)(ye)利潤21555。83萬元(yuan),鹽稅收入(ru)(ru)472135萬元(yuan)。其中(zhong)當以(yi)(yi)(yi)淮(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)鹽為(wei)多。1980年(nian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou),古(gu)老(lao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)淮(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)鹽區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)門類也在增多,實現了(le)(le)(le)鹽業(ye)(ye)化工和(he)水產(chan)養殖(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多品化、效益化。鹽業(ye)(ye)自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展,對地(di)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)持(chi)和(he)對社會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貢(gong)獻也在不斷上升。1958年(nian)10月,淮(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)鹽務管理局出(chu)資(zi)50萬元(yuan),參(can)加(jia)興(xing)建大村(cun)水庫(ku),來(lai)解決附近城鎮人民飲用(yong)水源問題。多年(nian)來(lai),淮(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)鹽場所(suo)臨(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸,一(yi)直由鹽場自籌資(zi)金來(lai)維護(hu),1970年(nian)就出(chu)資(zi)140萬元(yuan)用(yong)于青口(kou)、臺北(bei)(bei)、臺南(nan)、徐圩、灌西五場所(suo)臨(lin)海(hai)(hai)(hai)堤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復(fu)(fu)修。海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸堤防(fang)維護(hu)和(he)復(fu)(fu)修,既保(bao)護(hu)了(le)(le)(le)淮(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)鹽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan),也成為(wei)了(le)(le)(le)附近鄉(xiang)鎮村(cun)莊(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)道海(hai)(hai)(hai)潮安(an)全(quan)防(fang)線,保(bao)護(hu)了(le)(le)(le)城鄉(xiang)人民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命(ming)財(cai)產(chan)安(an)全(quan)。淮(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)鹽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)口(kou),以(yi)(yi)(yi)及其后(hou)鹽場灘池養殖(zhi)(zhi)對蝦出(chu)口(kou),都為(wei)地(di)方財(cai)政創造了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外匯收入(ru)(ru)。1981年(nian)3月,連云港市(shi)(shi)還(huan)專門成立(li)由市(shi)(shi)委副(fu)書記耿志英為(wei)組長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)淮(huai)(huai)鹽出(chu)口(kou)領導小組。
進入二(er)十(shi)一世紀后,在(zai)不到十(shi)年(nian)(nian)的(de)時(shi)間內,淮北(bei)鹽(yan)區擁護國家東部沿海開(kai)發戰略,響(xiang)應(ying)連(lian)云(yun)港(gang)市政府號召,以(yi)積極的(de)姿(zi)態,鹽(yan)田服從(cong)(cong)港(gang)用、工用、市用,從(cong)(cong)青口到灌西(xi)五個(ge)鹽(yan)場的(de)鹽(yan)池(chi)面積共有52萬畝,截止2012年(nian)(nian)已(yi)退讓27萬畝,交給地(di)方政府開(kai)發利用。而(er)其自身則跳出祖產謀新業,順(shun)應(ying)大勢做(zuo)大事;善用礦鹵高單產,鹽(yan)化農養成板塊(kuai);適應(ying)園區快步走,房產綠化路保潔;建(jian)材家具運輸業,留有余(yu)地(di)廣招(zhao)租。
淮北鹽(yan)是古(gu)海州文化的核(he)心基礎
一定的(de)(de)文化產生(sheng)于一定的(de)(de)經濟基礎(chu),又能(neng)反作用(yong)于經濟基礎(chu)。淮北鹽自古就在古海州的(de)(de)經濟社(she)會中(zhong)處于非常特殊(shu)且無(wu)可(ke)(ke)替代的(de)(de)地位,她對古海州文化的(de)(de)發(fa)展起著舉(ju)足輕重的(de)(de)作用(yong),可(ke)(ke)以說是古海州文化的(de)(de)核心基礎(chu)。
古海州的交通運輸文化(hua)是以淮北鹽為基點的。鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)向來(lai)(lai)是大宗產品,而(er)其作為(wei)(wei)(wei)商品必(bi)須(xu)要通(tong)(tong)過水(shui)運(yun)(yun)(yun)、陸(lu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)予以外(wai)(wai)銷(xiao)(xiao)。唐武(wu)后垂拱四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(688年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),為(wei)(wei)(wei)解決淮(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)銷(xiao)(xiao)之(zhi)困(kun),開鑿了(le)一(yi)條由漣水(shui)通(tong)(tong)往海(hai)(hai)州(zhou)的(de)(de)漕(cao)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(即“官(guan)(guan)(guan)河(he)(he)(he)(he)”)。《續(xu)水(shui)金(jin)鑒》寫道(dao):“官(guan)(guan)(guan)河(he)(he)(he)(he)長(chang)130里(li),闊(kuo)8丈,鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)課所經(jing),官(guan)(guan)(guan)舫估舶,帆檣相望,故(gu)曰官(guan)(guan)(guan)河(he)(he)(he)(he)。”《海(hai)(hai)州(zhou)區志》載:北(bei)(bei)(bei)宋熙寧十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1077年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))“疏浚海(hai)(hai)州(zhou)官(guan)(guan)(guan)河(he)(he)(he)(he),通(tong)(tong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)。”可(ke)見“官(guan)(guan)(guan)河(he)(he)(he)(he)”如何的(de)(de)系之(zhi)于淮(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)外(wai)(wai)運(yun)(yun)(yun)外(wai)(wai)銷(xiao)(xiao)。明(ming)嘉靖二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1543年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),經(jing)兩(liang)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)巡鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)御(yu)史(shi)同意,采用(yong)“以工代(dai)賑”之(zhi)策,征(zheng)用(yong)2440名民(min)(min)工,疏浚海(hai)(hai)州(zhou)薔(qiang)薇(wei)河(he)(he)(he)(he),鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)船暢通(tong)(tong)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)后,兩(liang)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)巡鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)御(yu)史(shi)朱炳如令海(hai)(hai)州(zhou)知州(zhou)高(gao)瑤(yao)疏浚景濟河(he)(he)(he)(he)以運(yun)(yun)(yun)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。清(qing)康熙二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1687年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),開挖(wa)了(le)由淮(huai)(huai)(huai)陰楊莊經(jing)板(ban)浦直(zhi)通(tong)(tong)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)各(ge)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)場的(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)河(he)(he)(he)(he)。淮(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)從各(ge)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)場裝(zhuang)船經(jing)板(ban)浦、大伊山、新安(an)鎮(今灌南(nan)縣)運(yun)(yun)(yun)至(zhi)西壩(ba)(今淮(huai)(huai)(huai)安(an)市境(jing)內)入棧外(wai)(wai)銷(xiao)(xiao)。民(min)(min)國時,淮(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)輪船海(hai)(hai)運(yun)(yun)(yun)線(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)(you):板(ban)浦場為(wei)(wei)(wei)高(gao)公口(kou)、西墅口(kou),中正(zheng)場為(wei)(wei)(wei)埒子口(kou),臨(lin)興場為(wei)(wei)(wei)臨(lin)興口(kou),濟南(nan)場為(wei)(wei)(wei)燕尾(wei)港、堆溝港、陳(chen)家港。民(min)(min)國三十(shi)(shi)(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1946年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),板(ban)浦、中正(zheng)場鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)始由連云港港口(kou)裝(zhuang)輪船外(wai)(wai)運(yun)(yun)(yun)。其間,鐵路運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)也進入了(le)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)史(shi)冊。民(min)(min)國十(shi)(shi)(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1926年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),隴(long)海(hai)(hai)鐵路東段鋪到大浦港。十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)后,又通(tong)(tong)到了(le)猴(hou)嘴。為(wei)(wei)(wei)此,原國民(min)(min)黨行(xing)政院長(chang)兼財(cai)政部長(chang)宋子文還于民(min)(min)國二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1932年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))乘(cheng)專(zhuan)機(ji)來(lai)(lai)視察,并由財(cai)政部撥款140萬元(yuan)用(yong)于運(yun)(yun)(yun)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)需。這筆款后來(lai)(lai)在板(ban)浦、中正(zheng)、濟南(nan)、臨(lin)興四(si)個鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)場的(de)(de)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)價中征(zheng)收回頭(tou)。大浦、猴(hou)嘴兩(liang)個鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)坨均鋪有(you)(you)(you)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)業鐵路專(zhuan)用(yong)線(xian)(xian),大大提高(gao)了(le)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)陸(lu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)外(wai)(wai)銷(xiao)(xiao)能(neng)力。淮(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)外(wai)(wai)運(yun)(yun)(yun)外(wai)(wai)銷(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)這些河(he)(he)(he)(he)道(dao)、鐵路,有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)已(yi)被(bei)歷(li)史(shi)湮滅,有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)經(jing)過改造提升了(le)綜合功能(neng),有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)頑(wan)強地保持(chi)著自己的(de)(de)品質和(he)本色(se)。如猴(hou)嘴鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)坨鐵路專(zhuan)用(yong)線(xian)(xian),時至(zhi)今日(ri)仍在為(wei)(wei)(wei)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)業服(fu)務,它是目前本市范圍內最長(chang)的(de)(de)雙(shuang)線(xian)(xian)企業專(zhuan)用(yong)線(xian)(xian)。
古(gu)海州(zhou)的餐飲(yin)服飾文化體現(xian)了淮北(bei)鹽(yan)引(yin)進(jin)的古(gu)樸(pu)而(er)時尚的風(feng)氣。古海州(zhou)(zhou)地(di)(di)與淮(huai)(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)聯系(xi)緊密的(de)(de)有(you)多處(chu),但名氣大(da)者乃板浦(pu)、海州(zhou)(zhou)、新(xin)浦(pu)三(san)處(chu)。板浦(pu)坐落在(zai)淮(huai)(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區,古有(you)“淮(huai)(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)都”之稱。元、明、清(qing)諸朝(chao),都設(she)有(you)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)務(wu)管理機構。直(zhi)至清(qing)乾隆二十八年(nian)(1763年(nian)),兩(liang)淮(huai)(huai)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)運司之淮(huai)(huai)安分司北移(yi)海州(zhou)(zhou)稱海州(zhou)(zhou)分司,分司署(shu)就(jiu)設(she)在(zai)板浦(pu),故爾成(cheng)為(wei)業(ye)(ye)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)為(wei)主的(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)賈(jia)輻輳之地(di)(di),豪商(shang)(shang)大(da)賈(jia)不(bu)下3萬人(ren)(ren)(ren)。這么多的(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)中外(wai)地(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)(ren)定然(ran)很(hen)多,他們帶(dai)來(lai)了各(ge)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)餐(can)飲(yin)偏好和(he)習慣,因為(wei)有(you)錢,吃(chi)食標(biao)準不(bu)下于(yu)王(wang)公(gong)士大(da)夫,有(you)的(de)(de)超過了皇宮帝宴(yan),所以(yi)自古就(jiu)有(you)“吃(chi)板浦(pu)”的(de)(de)民(min)謠。餐(can)飲(yin)文(wen)化(hua)中不(bu)光“吃(chi)板浦(pu)”緣自業(ye)(ye)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)商(shang)(shang)賈(jia)匯聚而成(cheng),古海州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)茶(cha)(cha)文(wen)化(hua)也與淮(huai)(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)分割不(bu)斷,鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)商(shang)(shang)都是腰纏萬貫者,成(cheng)天雞魚肉蛋奶(nai),必(bi)以(yi)清(qing)茶(cha)(cha)來(lai)解膩。外(wai)地(di)(di)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)商(shang)(shang)除自飲(yin),還(huan)(huan)要帶(dai)到(dao)他們的(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)旅各(ge)地(di)(di),還(huan)(huan)要帶(dai)回家鄉以(yi)孝敬老人(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)饋贈(zeng)親友(you),為(wei)古海州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)茶(cha)(cha)提供(gong)了、擴大(da)了市場,使得古海州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)茶(cha)(cha)走向(xiang)了全國各(ge)地(di)(di)。清(qing)道光十五年(nian)(1835年(nian)),欽(qin)差大(da)臣(chen)、兩(liang)江總督陶(tao)澎第二次兼理鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)政后,來(lai)淮(huai)(huai)北施行“改(gai)引(yin)為(wei)票(piao)”鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)法(fa)改(gai)革,閑暇之日(ri)登花果山(shan),在(zai)九龍橋上方的(de)(de)茶(cha)(cha)庵小憩飲(yin)茶(cha)(cha),留下了一(yi)副對(dui)聯:“云水(shui)漫匆匆,半日(ri)閑談僧院竹;海水(shui)還(huan)(huan)歷(li)歷(li),一(yi)庵同(tong)吃(chi)趙州(zhou)(zhou)茶(cha)(cha)。”直(zhi)到(dao)今(jin)天,連云港市種茶(cha)(cha)、愛茶(cha)(cha)、品茶(cha)(cha)、究(jiu)茶(cha)(cha)、以(yi)茶(cha)(cha)會友(you)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們,還(huan)(huan)可依(yi)稀記(ji)得陶(tao)大(da)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)這副對(dui)聯。
如果說“吃板(ban)浦”、云臺山的(de)茶都是淮(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)或顯(xian)性(xing)或隱性(xing)作用于古(gu)海(hai)州(zhou)(zhou)餐(can)飲習(xi)慣(guan)形成有(you)獨特(te)個性(xing)的(de)餐(can)飲文(wen)化(hua),那么“穿(chuan)(chuan)海(hai)州(zhou)(zhou)”則也同理不(bu)(bu)(bu)悖(bei)。海(hai)州(zhou)(zhou)素有(you)“淮(huai)海(hai)東來第(di)一(yi)城”稱(cheng)號,為古(gu)海(hai)州(zhou)(zhou)地域的(de)政治、經(jing)濟(ji)、文(wen)化(hua)中心(xin),自然是業鹽(yan)(yan)巨(ju)商(shang)(shang)富賈集中地。這里的(de)鹽(yan)(yan)商(shang)(shang)與兩(liang)淮(huai)鹽(yan)(yan)業中心(xin)城市揚州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)鹽(yan)(yan)商(shang)(shang)互(hu)有(you)聯系,有(you)的(de)就(jiu)是揚州(zhou)(zhou)鹽(yan)(yan)商(shang)(shang)中人(ren)(ren)(ren)。這些來自安徽(hui)、江西(xi)、陜西(xi)等地的(de)富人(ren)(ren)(ren)族,服(fu)飾(shi)個性(xing)千差(cha)萬別,但都離不(bu)(bu)(bu)了(le)艷麗、華貴、新奇、精(jing)細。就(jiu)如鹽(yan)(yan)商(shang)(shang)的(de)餐(can)飲標準和習(xi)慣(guan)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)了(le)古(gu)海(hai)州(zhou)(zhou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)一(yi)樣(yang),鹽(yan)(yan)商(shang)(shang)的(de)服(fu)飾(shi)習(xi)慣(guan)也同樣(yang)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)了(le)古(gu)海(hai)州(zhou)(zhou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。其(qi)實,經(jing)營(ying)淮(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)的(de)富商(shang)(shang)巨(ju)賈,并不(bu)(bu)(bu)是只(zhi)在吃上(shang)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)了(le)板(ban)浦人(ren)(ren)(ren),也不(bu)(bu)(bu)是只(zhi)在穿(chuan)(chuan)上(shang)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)了(le)海(hai)州(zhou)(zhou)人(ren)(ren)(ren),是他們(men)的(de)餐(can)飲服(fu)飾(shi)表(biao)現在古(gu)海(hai)州(zhou)(zhou)地域落了(le)根,被(bei)融入了(le)古(gu)海(hai)州(zhou)(zhou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)生(sheng)活。
淮(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)作用于(yu)新(xin)(xin)浦(pu)(pu)(pu)的(de)(de)(de)(de),是(shi)一個(ge)城市(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)誕生與(yu)發(fa)展。而(er)(er)(er)新(xin)(xin)浦(pu)(pu)(pu)逐漸(jian)(jian)成(cheng)長(chang)為(wei)(wei)古海州的(de)(de)(de)(de)核(he)心,則體現了淮(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)頑強生命(ming)力及(ji)其無比的(de)(de)(de)(de)奉獻精神(shen)。與(yu)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)相(xiang)比,新(xin)(xin)浦(pu)(pu)(pu)城區歷(li)史不(bu)可(ke)謂不(bu)短。清(qing)嘉靖(jing)三年(nian)(1798年(nian)),在河(he)與(yu)海的(de)(de)(de)(de)交匯處,稱新(xin)(xin)浦(pu)(pu)(pu)口。嘉慶五年(nian)前后,建新(xin)(xin)浦(pu)(pu)(pu)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)坨,慢慢才形成(cheng)小市(shi)(shi)鎮(zhen)。嘉慶十一年(nian)(1806年(nian)),才正式(shi)有(you)“新(xin)(xin)浦(pu)(pu)(pu)”之名。新(xin)(xin)浦(pu)(pu)(pu)因(yin)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)而(er)(er)(er)生,因(yin)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)而(er)(er)(er)名。至清(qing)宣統(tong)二年(nian)(1910年(nian)),新(xin)(xin)浦(pu)(pu)(pu)還屬海州的(de)(de)(de)(de)臨(lin)洪市(shi)(shi),而(er)(er)(er)此時也(ye)是(shi)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)池灘所在。由于(yu)產鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)池灘的(de)(de)(de)(de)拓展,灶民漸(jian)(jian)多,新(xin)(xin)浦(pu)(pu)(pu)漸(jian)(jian)成(cheng)準北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)集(ji)散地(di),也(ye)即成(cheng)鎮(zhen),在此也(ye)設立了淮(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)務稽核(he)所。直至建國后,長(chang)期為(wei)(wei)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)務管理局駐所。新(xin)(xin)浦(pu)(pu)(pu)由河(he)汊地(di)帶(dai)變化為(wei)(wei)一個(ge)城市(shi)(shi),不(bu)夸張(zhang)地(di)說,是(shi)因(yin)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、賴淮(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。所以(yi),她的(de)(de)(de)(de)生長(chang)史,全部都帶(dai)有(you)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)元素。淮(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文化底蘊,是(shi)新(xin)(xin)浦(pu)(pu)(pu)誕生、成(cheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)命(ming)脈。
古(gu)海州的文(wen)學藝(yi)術被浸潤了淮(huai)北鹽的咸(xian)味(wei)而猶(you)為文(wen)氣濃郁。淮(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)鹽歷史(shi)(shi)最早被(bei)(bei)推測(ce)與傳說時(shi)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)炎帝(di)、黃帝(di)有(you)關聯,也被(bei)(bei)寫(xie)(xie)進(jin)了(le)成書(shu)于(yu)三(san)千(qian)年前戰國(guo)(guo)時(shi)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)《尚(shang)書(shu)》。這(zhe)是一(yi)部中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)代(dai)最早的(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)(shi)文(wen)獻匯編(bian);被(bei)(bei)寫(xie)(xie)進(jin)了(le)《史(shi)(shi)記》,這(zhe)是一(yi)部司馬(ma)遷寫(xie)(xie)于(yu)兩千(qian)多年前的(de)(de)(de)西漢時(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)代(dai)最著名的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)典(dian)典(dian)籍;在(zai)傳世(shi)不衰的(de)(de)(de)唐詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong),淮(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)南兩淮(huai)(huai)(huai)鹽被(bei)(bei)描述多多,其中(zhong)有(you)劉(liu)長卿《宿懷仁(ren)縣南湖寄東海荀處(chu)士》詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),直(zhi)接寫(xie)(xie)古(gu)海州(zhou)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)鹽產地(di)(di)新月夜的(de)(de)(de)海陸空三(san)景。詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)句“寒塘起孤雁,夜色分鹽田”意境(jing)深遠(yuan),遂成絕唱(chang)。北(bei)宋著名文(wen)學家(jia)、詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人蘇軾,清雍(yong)正朝吏(li)部尚(shang)書(shu)、漕運總督晉加太(tai)子太(tai)保楊(yang)錫鈸(ba),有(you)多首詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)作以(yi)“淮(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)鹽都”板浦為題,瀟灑(sa)自如(ru)地(di)(di)盡寫(xie)(xie)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)鹽。描寫(xie)(xie)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)鹽的(de)(de)(de)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)詞歌賦文(wen)字(zi)累(lei)累(lei),實不能一(yi)一(yi)枚舉。這(zhe)些文(wen)人雅士的(de)(de)(de)功勞在(zai)于(yu),用(yong)他們的(de)(de)(de)吟唱(chang)和筆墨(mo),把淮(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)鹽帶進(jin)了(le)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)文(wen)學史(shi)(shi),也把古(gu)海州(zhou)歷史(shi)(shi)予(yu)以(yi)文(wen)化定格(ge)。
因(yin)為淮(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)繁(fan)榮了(le)(le)板浦(pu)、海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)州(zhou)(zhou)、新(xin)(xin)浦(pu)等古(gu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)州(zhou)(zhou)屬地(di),這(zhe)些地(di)方自(zi)(zi)然成為文(wen)人薈(hui)萃之場(chang)(chang)所(suo),文(wen)學(xue)藝術自(zi)(zi)然繁(fan)花似錦(jin)、五(wu)(wu)彩繽(bin)紛。因(yin)淮(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)鏈接,生成在古(gu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)文(wen)學(xue)創作、詩(shi)詞唱和(he)、民(min)間文(wen)學(xue)藝術等,著(zhu)著(zhu)實實地(di)增添了(le)(le)古(gu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)歷(li)史文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)厚重感(gan)。清道(dao)光(guang)十二年(1832年),兩(liang)(liang)江總督兼理兩(liang)(liang)淮(huai)(huai)鹽(yan)(yan)政(zheng)的(de)(de)陶(tao)(tao)澍(shu),在他(ta)第(di)一次來(lai)古(gu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)州(zhou)(zhou)試行“引改票”鹽(yan)(yan)法改革時,留下了(le)(le)《登東海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)云臺(tai)山作》一詩(shi),接任的(de)(de)林(lin)則徐、江蘇等三省觀察史兼江蘇等三省布政(zheng)使梁章鉅、淮(huai)(huai)揚(yang)道(dao)尹鄒公眉等許多(duo)(duo)陶(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)追隨者,都先(xian)后(hou)作詩(shi)《次韻(yun)》以(yi)唱和(he),等等,不(bu)一而足。這(zhe)些詩(shi)詞唱和(he)中,都歌詠了(le)(le)古(gu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)州(zhou)(zhou),歌詠了(le)(le)淮(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)。這(zhe)些詩(shi)詞唱和(he),在兩(liang)(liang)淮(huai)(huai)都轉運使司淮(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)州(zhou)(zhou)分司運判謝元(yuan)淮(huai)(huai)總修的(de)(de)《云臺(tai)新(xin)(xin)志》中,多(duo)(duo)有收集,載入了(le)(le)史冊。特別不(bu)能棄書的(de)(de),是(shi)(shi)李汝(ru)(ru)珍(zhen)(zhen)及其鴻篇巨著(zhu)《鏡(jing)花緣》,也(ye)是(shi)(shi)淮(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)浸潤(run),才得(de)以(yi)成篇問世,流(liu)傳(chuan)后(hou)世。李汝(ru)(ru)珍(zhen)(zhen)哥哥李汝(ru)(ru)璜在乾隆四(si)十八年(1783年)任古(gu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)州(zhou)(zhou)淮(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)區板浦(pu)場(chang)(chang)鹽(yan)(yan)課(ke)司大使,李汝(ru)(ru)珍(zhen)(zhen)同來(lai)“寓(yu)居(ju)”,一住三十幾年。嘉慶(qing)二十三年(1818年)成就古(gu)典名著(zhu)《鏡(jing)花緣》。當時極盡繁(fan)華奢侈的(de)(de)鹽(yan)(yan)商(shang)(shang)生活(huo)(huo)和(he)“小上海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)”般的(de)(de)“淮(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)都”市(shi)井風貌(mao),都被(bei)他(ta)“借”進(jin)了(le)(le)《鏡(jing)花緣》。《鏡(jing)花緣》創作于(yu)古(gu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)州(zhou)(zhou),也(ye)是(shi)(shi)古(gu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)幸事。古(gu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)民(min)間文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)生活(huo)(huo),如(ru)現今的(de)(de)國家級(ji)非物質文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺產五(wu)(wu)大宮(gong)調(diao),群眾喜聞樂見(jian)的(de)(de)吹打(da)樂、抬四(si)老(lao)爺舞、獅子舞和(he)僮子戲等,都是(shi)(shi)在淮(huai)(huai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)興(xing)盛(sheng)的(de)(de)明(ming)清時期,由鹽(yan)(yan)商(shang)(shang)直(zhi)接帶入或(huo)由鹽(yan)(yan)商(shang)(shang)活(huo)(huo)動間接引入的(de)(de)。
淮北鹽成為了古海(hai)州(zhou)傳揚美(mei)名的最(zui)(zui)大動(dong)力和最(zui)(zui)佳媒介(jie)
名山(shan)名水邀名人(ren)(ren),名人(ren)(ren)遠揚山(shan)水名。古(gu)海州歷(li)(li)史悠久且山(shan)美(mei)(mei)水美(mei)(mei),古(gu)海州濱海依山(shan)懷(huai)抱平原,古(gu)海州鹽漁業(ye)旺文化奪冠(guan)。這樣的一個(ge)美(mei)(mei)妙萬千之(zhi)處,鮮有名人(ren)(ren)不往之(zhi)理(li)。在歷(li)(li)史的長河中輕輕回首(shou),發(fa)現有好多名人(ren)(ren)或來過(guo)或關(guan)注過(guo)古(gu)海州;對這些歷(li)(li)史片(pian)斷(duan)再細細品味(wei),才知(zhi)道都與淮北鹽相關(guan)。
孔子與(yu)孔望山(shan)。孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(公元前(qian)551——479年(nian)(nian))三(san)十歲(sui)后始收學(xue)(xue)(xue)生為(wei)(wei)弟(di)子(zi)(zi),51歲(sui)相(xiang)魯(lu),55歲(sui)周游列(lie)(lie)國(guo)(guo)(guo)前(qian)后達九年(nian)(nian)。孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)相(xiang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)魯(lu)國(guo)(guo)(guo),即今(jin)之(zhi)山東(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)部,恰與(yu)淮(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)區(qu)所在(zai)地(di)古海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)州近。傳說(shuo)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)曾在(zai)周游列(lie)(lie)國(guo)(guo)(guo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)來到(dao)古海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)州的(de)(de)(de)(de)朐(qu)陽(yang)山(時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)魯(lu)之(zhi)東(dong)(dong)境郯(tan)子(zi)(zi)國(guo)(guo)(guo))登山望海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)。孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)看(kan)(kan)到(dao)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)灘上(shang)無數招潮(chao)蟹舞(wu)動紅(hong)(hong)紅(hong)(hong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)螯曬太(tai)陽(yang),似在(zai)向他(ta)老人家(jia)施禮。孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)蟹皆(jie)如(ru)此(ci),可(ke)(ke)見此(ci)地(di)民(min)風已純(chun),不必再(zai)行禮教(jiao)了(le)(le)。《論(lun)語》中(zhong)有(you)(you)兩(liang)段話反映孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)此(ci)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)感受。一(yi)是(shi)“學(xue)(xue)(xue)而篇第一(yi)”中(zhong),“子(zi)(zi)曰(yue):‘道千乘(cheng)之(zhi)國(guo)(guo)(guo),敬(jing)事而信(xin),節用而愛(ai)人,使(shi)民(min)以時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。’”“使(shi)民(min)以時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”是(shi)說(shuo)在(zai)農閑時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)才役使(shi)百(bai)姓。當(dang)(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)淮(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)乃(nai)至全國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)鹽(yan)(yan)生產(chan),大(da)(da)(da)體上(shang)是(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)農間季(ji)而作(zuo)、兩(liang)不耽擱。孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)這(zhe)番話到(dao)底是(shi)來古海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)州前(qian)說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)呢(ni)?還是(shi)其(qi)(qi)后呢(ni)?無從考(kao)證。如(ru)是(shi)之(zhi)前(qian)所言,當(dang)(dang)(dang)他(ta)看(kan)(kan)到(dao)淮(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)煎(jian)煮(zhu)是(shi)“使(shi)民(min)以時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de),符合了(le)(le)他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)思想。他(ta)來與(yu)魯(lu)近鄰的(de)(de)(de)(de)古海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)州也是(shi)為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)施禮教(jiao)化(hua)人民(min)、諫言官(guan)府。再(zai)當(dang)(dang)(dang)他(ta)看(kan)(kan)到(dao)古海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)州鹽(yan)(yan)魚利豐、富饒美(mei)麗、人皆(jie)效(xiao)禮,便心(xin)滿意足地(di)離去了(le)(le)。如(ru)是(shi)之(zhi)后所言,則(ze)他(ta)對淮(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)乃(nai)至古海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)州是(shi)有(you)(you)深刻印象了(le)(le),得出(chu)了(le)(le)“使(shi)民(min)以時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”方可(ke)(ke)治理一(yi)個千乘(cheng)之(zhi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結論(lun)。現(xian)今(jin)孔(kong)(kong)望山成為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)文化(hua)史上(shang)千年(nian)(nian)奇山,為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)4A級景(jing)區(qu),其(qi)(qi)龍(long)洞庵、佛(fo)教(jiao)造像、摩崖石刻、宗教(jiao)類(lei)(lei)遺址(zhi)等景(jing)點(dian),都(dou)是(shi)遠晚于孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)登山時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)事了(le)(le)。二(er)是(shi)“子(zi)(zi)路篇第十三(san)”中(zhong),孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生樊遲請(qing)教(jiao)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)如(ru)何種莊稼(jia)如(ru)何種菜,孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)他(ta)心(xin)志(zhi)不高(gao),罵是(shi)“小人”。孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)弟(di)子(zi)(zi)應當(dang)(dang)(dang)有(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)志(zhi)、做大(da)(da)(da)事,擔更大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)責任(ren)。自古鹽(yan)(yan)之(zhi)貢、稅(shui)、賦高(gao),鹽(yan)(yan)在(zai)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)已經見諸(zhu)于文字記載(zai),成為(wei)(wei)古海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)州重要財源。孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)希望他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)弟(di)子(zi)(zi)要做類(lei)(lei)似于淮(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)業大(da)(da)(da)貢獻(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)事。
康熙與云臺(tai)山。云(yun)臺山古稱郁(yu)州(zhou)山,周三百里。清順(shun)治十八(ba)年(nian)(1661年(nian)),遷(qian)居民入內(nei)地(di),山劃界外。康(kang)熙十六年(nian)(1677年(nian))復為(wei)(wei)(wei)內(nei)地(di)。四(si)十年(nian)后,海退灘淤,漸成陸地(di)。其(qi)時,淮北鹽(yan)區的(de)板(ban)浦(pu)、中正兩鹽(yan)場(chang)北與(yu)云(yun)臺山僅隔一名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)對口(kou)溜的(de)渡(du)口(kou),淮北鹽(yan)生產工藝(yi)已(yi)由(you)煎煮開(kai)始向泥池灘曬過(guo)渡(du)。鹽(yan)隨海走,板(ban)浦(pu)場(chang)向北向東推移(yi),為(wei)(wei)(wei)后來的(de)擴(kuo)建產鹽(yan)池灘留下(xia)了廣大的(de)空(kong)間(jian)。淮鹽(yan)興盛于明清,也是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)了類(lei)似(si)康(kang)熙這樣的(de)“俞旨”在庇(bi)護。盡管帝王(wang)們為(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)是(shi)(shi)獲取鹽(yan)的(de)賦稅,但(dan)也客觀上有(you)利于淮北鹽(yan)的(de)存(cun)在與(yu)擴(kuo)展(zhan)。
陶澍(shu)與票(piao)鹽(yan)法(fa)。陶澍(shu)(shu)(公元1778——1839年(nian))是(shi)(shi)(shi)鴉片戰爭(zheng)前(qian)(qian)中國近代地(di)主階(jie)級改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)派的(de)(de)核心和領(ling)袖,林則徐是(shi)(shi)(shi)他(ta)的(de)(de)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)。道(dao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)十(shi)年(nian)(1830年(nian))升任兩(liang)(liang)江(jiang)總督(du),第二年(nian)兼(jian)理鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)政(zheng)。海運與票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)當時(shi)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)派引為(wei)(wei)(wei)自豪的(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)大改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)成果(guo)(guo)。他(ta)看(kan)到(dao)明清以(yi)(yi)來(lai),業鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)綱(gang)商世代相襲,勾結鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)政(zheng)官員,壟斷(duan)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)業,竊(qie)取國家(jia)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)利(li)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)確保(bao)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)利(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)國家(jia)所(suo)用(yong),他(ta)首(shou)先在淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區(qu)(qu)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)法(fa)(fa),改(gai)(gai)(gai)引鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),凡照(zhao)章納稅者(zhe)皆可(ke)領(ling)票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)販(fan)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)以(yi)(yi)銷(xiao),鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之運輸實(shi)行“改(gai)(gai)(gai)道(dao)不改(gai)(gai)(gai)捆(kun)”,省力、節時(shi)、降費(fei)。道(dao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)十(shi)二年(nian)(1832年(nian)),他(ta)親履海州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),登山周覽鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區(qu)(qu)池疃,考慮改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)方案(an)和實(shi)施計劃(hua),頒(ban)令施行。又于道(dao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)十(shi)五年(nian)(1835年(nian))再(zai)來(lai)海州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),檢查票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)法(fa)(fa)施行進度(du)及(ji)結果(guo)(guo),再(zai)與屬下(xia)登山懷古。兩(liang)(liang)次(ci)登山均留有(you)(you)題(ti)詠(yong)碑(bei)記(ji),唱和者(zhe)眾(zhong)。陶澍(shu)(shu)兩(liang)(liang)來(lai)古海州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),不光(guang)(guang)(guang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)留下(xia)了(le)歌(ge)詠(yong)古海州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)及(ji)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)詩詞(ci),重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)他(ta)推(tui)行的(de)(de)票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)法(fa)(fa)獲得了(le)成功。生(sheng)(sheng)產、販(fan)銷(xiao)各方都很(hen)樂意接(jie)受(shou)。商販(fan)眾(zhong)而(er)場(chang)產缺,鼓勵(li)了(le)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)場(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)產商修復本已廢(fei)棄的(de)(de)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)池,廣鋪新池。板浦(pu)、中正兩(liang)(liang)場(chang)修復、新鋪鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)池總數(shu)達四千六百余面。淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區(qu)(qu)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)法(fa)(fa)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)成功后,于幾年(nian)間推(tui)廣到(dao)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)南進而(er)全(quan)國部分(fen)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區(qu)(qu)。時(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)古海州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)分(fen)司運判(pan)的(de)(de)童濂撰《淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)志略》,記(ji)述(shu)(shu)了(le)陶澍(shu)(shu)行票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)法(fa)(fa)之政(zheng)績。清同治九年(nian)(1870年(nian)),海州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)分(fen)司許(xu)寶書又撰《淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)續略》,將三十(shi)五年(nian)前(qian)(qian)陶澍(shu)(shu)在淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)行票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)法(fa)(fa)過程及(ji)效果(guo)(guo)予以(yi)(yi)續記(ji)。這兩(liang)(liang)本書是(shi)(shi)(shi)寶貴資料,記(ji)述(shu)(shu)了(le)古海州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)地(di)區(qu)(qu)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge),對研究淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)北(bei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、全(quan)面了(le)解古海州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)都有(you)(you)所(suo)幫助(zhu)。
孫中山(shan)與連云港港口。淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)銷以(yi)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)陰、西(xi)壩與大(da)浦港(gang)(gang)為集散(san)地。清(qing)末,淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)南鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)日(ri)(ri)漸衰敗,原其運(yun)(yun)(yun)銷于湘、鄂、贛、皖四省即(ji)(ji)揚子四岸的(de)(de)(de)(de)食鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),均(jun)由淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區供(gong)給,即(ji)(ji)用輪(lun)船自古(gu)海(hai)州灌(guan)河出海(hai),入長江轉(zhuan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)。1912年1月,淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)商張福保等人呈請(qing)建(jian)造海(hai)(州)清(qing)(江)鐵路(lu),孫中山大(da)總統立(li)即(ji)(ji)予以(yi)批準。鐵路(lu)雖沒建(jian)成(cheng),但足(zu)以(yi)反映(ying)孫中山對淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)注和(he)重視。孫中山對古(gu)海(hai)州的(de)(de)(de)(de)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)了(le)解,緣自他(ta)在1885年4月不(bu)到二十(shi)歲(sui)時,曾到古(gu)海(hai)州來(lai)考(kao)察。他(ta)在此(ci)盤桓了(le)七(qi)八(ba)天,從淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)運(yun)(yun)(yun)外(wai)銷出發,結(jie)合(he)連(lian)(lian)云港(gang)(gang)港(gang)(gang)口實(shi)際,他(ta)充分肯定(ding)了(le)連(lian)(lian)云港(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)戰略地位。其時正(zheng)是票(piao)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)法大(da)見(jian)成(cheng)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時期,此(ci)前(qian)不(bu)足(zu)二十(shi)年的(de)(de)(de)(de)1867年,淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區就(jiu)在板(ban)浦場新開(kai)發了(le)開(kai)太、程圩、夸圩等九處鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)池。孫中山考(kao)察后的(de)(de)(de)(de)二十(shi)三年后(1908年),淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濟(ji)南場七(qi)大(da)公司又(you)相(xiang)繼(ji)開(kai)發鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)池,使淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區產(chan)量大(da)增。在1919年就(jiu)有隆昌商號購(gou)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)100萬(wan)擔(5萬(wan)噸(dun))經連(lian)(lian)云港(gang)(gang)港(gang)(gang)口輸往日(ri)(ri)本。而日(ri)(ri)寇(kou)在1941——1942年兩(liang)年間,就(jiu)通過連(lian)(lian)云港(gang)(gang)港(gang)(gang)口,將(jiang)掠奪(duo)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)196396噸(dun)運(yun)(yun)(yun)往日(ri)(ri)本本土。新中國成(cheng)立(li)后,連(lian)(lian)云港(gang)(gang)港(gang)(gang)口經過不(bu)斷(duan)擴建(jian),綜合(he)功能在不(bu)斷(duan)健全,吞吐能力在不(bu)斷(duan)提(ti)升(sheng),孫中山先(xian)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)港(gang)(gang)夢(meng)一定(ding)會在連(lian)(lian)云港(gang)(gang)港(gang)(gang)口實(shi)現。
周恩來與(yu)淮北(bei)鹽(yan)。1946年(nian)5月——1947年(nian)3月,中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)派出以周恩來、董(dong)必武為首的(de)代(dai)表(biao)團,住南京(jing)長(chang)江(jiang)路(lu)上(shang)的(de)梅園新村(cun),與國(guo)(guo)民黨進(jin)行(xing)和平談(tan)判。受中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)救濟總署負責人(ren)宋慶(qing)齡的(de)委托,美國(guo)(guo)登陸艇載(zai)運3000噸淮(huai)北鹽,作為中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)代(dai)表(biao)周恩來的(de)活動(dong)經費。國(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)和談(tan)雖然在國(guo)(guo)民黨的(de)毫無誠意之下不歡而散,但(dan)是(shi)淮(huai)北鹽對中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)代(dai)表(biao)團的(de)支持卻是(shi)功(gong)不可沒的(de),古海州人(ren)民、淮(huai)北鹽區(qu)人(ren)民對中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)革命的(de)貢獻(xian),必將寫進(jin)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)革命史冊(ce)。
朱德與猴嘴鹽坨。1963年(nian)3月(yue)16日,那(nei)是(shi)個淮(huai)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)區(qu)人(ren)民(min)永遠(yuan)不(bu)會(hui)忘記的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日子(zi),是(shi)淮(huai)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)志(zhi)書必(bi)載的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日子(zi)。這一(yi)天,來連云(yun)港視察(cha)工作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)共中(zhong)央副主(zhu)席(xi)、全國(guo)人(ren)民(min)代(dai)表大(da)會(hui)常務委(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)委(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)長、國(guo)防(fang)委(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)副主(zhu)席(xi)朱(zhu)德(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專列,在(zai)淮(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)區(qu)猴(hou)嘴鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)坨內停靠,并(bing)接見了(le)淮(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)場(chang)(chang)(chang)、鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)區(qu)工委(wei)負責人(ren)安岳、匡(kuang)裕悅。朱(zhu)德(de)特別地關心(xin)淮(huai)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)區(qu)是(shi)有歷史背景的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。一(yi)是(shi)淮(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)區(qu)自(zi)古(gu)對(dui)國(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貢(gong)獻就大(da),即便在(zai)解放戰(zhan)爭(zheng)時期也(ye)是(shi)如此(ci);二是(shi)抗戰(zhan)勝利后,在(zai)這里曾經發生國(guo)共兩黨爭(zheng)奪(duo)淮(huai)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斗爭(zheng);三是(shi)淮(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)對(dui)中(zhong)共和平(ping)談判代(dai)表團的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)助(zhu)是(shi)有力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de);四(si)是(shi)1950年(nian)7月(yue),淮(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)區(qu)一(yi)萬五(wu)千名職工參加(jia)保衛世界和平(ping)簽名活動,表達(da)了(le)淮(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)區(qu)職工是(shi)心(xin)懷祖國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de);五(wu)是(shi)1951年(nian)6月(yue)1日,淮(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)區(qu)發起(qi)捐獻“淮(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)場(chang)(chang)(chang)號(hao)”飛機以支持國(guo)家抗美援朝,當年(nian)9月(yue)29日即超額實現;六是(shi)1955年(nian),淮(huai)北鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)場(chang)(chang)(chang)本年(nian)就為國(guo)家積累財富(fu)多達(da)黃金150萬兩。